Molecular response to imatinib mesylate of Brazilian patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Imatinib mesylate has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia leading to significant reductions of BCR-ABL1 transcript levels in peripheral blood.

To evaluate the response to imatinib mesylate treatment (400mg/day) in Brazilian patients in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia monitored by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.

Between October 2002 and October 2010, 3169 peripheral blood samples were collected from 1403 patients from 3 to 5 months, 6 to 11 months, 12 to 17 months, 18 to 23 months and ≥24 months after beginning imatinib treatment. Eighty-two patients had samples available and analyzed for all time intervals. BCR-ABL1 quantification was performed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction using the ABL1 gene as the control. Results of the BCR-ABL1 ratio as a percentage were reported by the international scale (IS) using the laboratory conversion factor (0.51).

In the first interval, 80.8% of patients achieved the optimal response (BCR-ABL1^IS≤10%). In the second period, 69.1% achieved optimal response (BCR-ABL1^IS≤1%) and, between 12 and 17 months, 47.3% achieved major molecular response (BCR-ABL1^IS≤0.1%).

The results of this retrospective study show that the response to imatinib treatment (400mg/day) of Brazilian patients in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia is within the expected profile when compared to patients reported in international prospective randomized studies.