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CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

974
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
974

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Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
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Cocaine modifies brain lipidome in mice.

Yiyun Lin1, Hui Gu2, Linhong Jiang2

  • 1National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.

Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
|August 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cocaine significantly alters brain lipid profiles, particularly sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids in the nucleus accumbens. These lipidome changes offer new insights into cocaine addiction mechanisms.

Keywords:
CocaineGlycerophospholipidsLipidomicsNucleus accumbensPolyunsaturated fatty acidSphingolipids

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Lipids are crucial for brain structure and function.
  • The effect of cocaine on brain lipid profiles remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of cocaine on brain lipidome using lipidomics.
  • To analyze lipid modifications in mouse models of cocaine exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomic analysis.
  • Utilized cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and hyperlocomotor mouse models.
  • Comprehensive analysis of 21 lipid subclasses across 7 lipid classes.

Main Results:

  • Cocaine profoundly altered the brain lipidome in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum.
  • Significant changes observed in sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids in the NAc, including ceramide metabolism and lysophospholipid/phospholipid levels.
  • Increased levels of long-chain and polyunsaturated fatty acid phospholipids in the NAc.

Conclusions:

  • Cocaine markedly modifies brain lipidomic profiling.
  • Reveals a connection between cocaine's psychopharmacological effects and lipidome alterations.
  • Provides novel insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cocaine addiction.