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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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The Pituitary Gland01:17

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Metastasis02:30

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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[Metastatic Pituitary Disorders].

V Novák, L Hrabálek, M Hampl

    Klinicka Onkologie : Casopis Ceske a Slovenske Onkologicke Spolecnosti
    |August 24, 2017
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pituitary metastases are rare, often presenting with diabetes insipidus. While surgery and radiotherapy manage symptoms, they do not extend survival in patients with metastatic pituitary disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology
    • Neurosurgery

    Background:

    • Pituitary metastases are uncommon, occurring in 1% of sellar tumor surgeries.
    • Diabetes insipidus is a frequent initial symptom, distinguishing them from pituitary adenomas.

    Observation:

    • A review of 131 publications identified 259 patients with pituitary metastases.
    • Breast and lung carcinomas were the most common primary cancers.
    • Common symptoms included visual disturbances, diabetes insipidus, and hypopituitarism.

    Findings:

    • Radiotherapy (67.8%) and surgery (63.9%) were the primary treatments.
    • Average survival was 11.8 months post-metastatic diagnosis.
    • Combined treatments did not improve survival but enhanced quality of life.

    Implications:

    • Early recognition of pituitary metastases is crucial for symptom management.
    • Palliative treatments focus on improving quality of life in advanced cancer patients.
    • Further research may explore novel therapeutic strategies for pituitary metastases.