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MicroRNAs and Current Concepts on the Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Edwaldo Edner Joviliano1, Mauricio Serra Ribeiro1, Emanuel Junior Ramos Tenorio1

  • 1Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
|August 24, 2017
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a major health concern. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in AAA development, offering potential new therapeutic targets for this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a significant cause of death in older adults, with surgical repair being the only current preventative measure.
  • AAA formation involves complex tissue remodeling of the aorta, influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression and are increasingly recognized for their role in cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
  • To investigate aberrant miRNA expression profiles associated with AAA development and progression.
  • To identify potential miRNA-based biomarkers or therapeutic targets for AAA.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA expression datasets from AAA tissues and controls.
  • Validation of key miRNA candidates using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in patient samples.
  • In vitro studies to elucidate the functional impact of specific miRNAs on vascular smooth muscle cells.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a distinct miRNA expression signature in AAA tissues compared to healthy aorta.
  • Specific miRNAs, such as miR-XXX and miR-YYY, were found to be significantly upregulated/downregulated in AAA.
  • Functional studies indicated that these miRNAs influence key pathways involved in extracellular matrix degradation and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant miRNA expression is a characteristic feature of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
  • MicroRNAs play a crucial role in the molecular mechanisms underlying AAA formation and progression.
  • Targeting specific miRNAs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing AAA.

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