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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Positional Skull Deformities.

Christian Linz, Felix Kunz, Hartmut Böhm

    Deutsches Arzteblatt International
    |August 25, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Positional skull deformities in infants are common and influenced by various risk factors. Early intervention through parent education, positioning, and physical therapy is key for effective treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Neurology
    • Developmental Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Skull deformities, such as occipital flattening, are common in infants, particularly within the first six months of life.
    • These conditions raise questions regarding differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current understanding of risk factors for positional skull deformities.
    • To outline current diagnostic assessments and treatment options for these conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Selective literature review based on current studies and guidelines.
    • Inclusion of recommendations from the German Society for Pediatric Neurology and American guidelines on positional plagiocephaly.

    Main Results:

    • Pre-, peri-, and postnatal factors contribute to positional skull deformities.
    • Diagnosis relies on clinical features, with ultrasonography as an adjunct for unclear cases.
    • Key interventions include parent education on infant positioning, physical therapy for limited motion, and orthoses for severe cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Comprehensive parental education on preventive and therapeutic measures is crucial.
    • Treatment should be initiated early and tailored to the severity of the deformity.
    • Reassurance regarding supine sleeping positions is important despite parental concerns.