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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Endothelial Functions.

Shigeo Godo1, Hiroaki Shimokawa2

  • 1From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|August 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Endothelial dysfunction, marked by impaired vascular tone regulation, is central to cardiovascular diseases. Understanding endothelial function is crucial for developing new diagnostics and therapeutics for these conditions.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasesendothelial functionendotheliumendothelium-dependent hyperpolarizationnitric oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • The endothelium regulates vascular tone via relaxing and contracting factors.
  • Endothelial dysfunction, often due to reduced relaxing mediators, contributes to vasoconstriction, thrombosis, and inflammation.
  • Endothelial health is vital for vascular homeostasis and is increasingly recognized in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on endothelial function and dysfunction.
  • To highlight emerging modulators and their relationship with cardiovascular disease.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets for endothelial dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent experimental and clinical studies.
  • Focus on publications in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.
  • Synthesis of bench-to-bedside insights into endothelial function.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of numerous cardiovascular diseases.
  • A strong link exists between endothelial function and cardiovascular disease progression.
  • Emerging modulators significantly impact endothelial function and disease states.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial function evaluation is critical in clinical settings for cardiovascular disease assessment.
  • Advances in understanding endothelial function offer new therapeutic and diagnostic avenues.
  • Targeting endothelial dysfunction holds significant clinical implications for managing cardiovascular diseases.