Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026

14:28
Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
Published on: July 1, 2013
An NPY-like peptide may function as MSH-release inhibiting factor in Xenopus laevis
Peptides
|January 1, 1987
Summary
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) inhibits the release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and other peptides from the amphibian pituitary. This study identifies NPY as the first neuropeptide to regulate MSH cells via an inhibitory mechanism.
Area of Science:
- Neuroendocrinology
- Comparative Physiology
Background:
- Neuropeptides regulate pituitary hormone release in amphibians.
- Previous research identified stimulatory neuropeptides affecting MSH cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the control of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) release in Xenopus laevis.
- To determine the mechanism of NPY action on proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical localization of NPY fibers in the hypothalamus and pituitary intermediate lobe.
- Superfusion experiments measuring peptide release from neurointermediate lobe tissue.
- Assessment of POMC biosynthesis and processing after NPY treatment.
Main Results:
- Abundant NPY immunoreactive fibers were found in the hypothalamus and pituitary intermediate lobe of Xenopus laevis.
- Synthetic NPY caused a rapid, potent, and dose-dependent inhibition of MSH, endorphin, and other POMC peptide release in vitro.
- NPY treatment did not affect POMC biosynthesis or processing over a 2-hour period.
Conclusions:
- NPY is a key inhibitory neuropeptide involved in regulating amphibian MSH cells.
- NPY's primary action is a direct effect on the secretory process of MSH cells, rather than influencing peptide synthesis or processing.
Related Concept Videos
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nuclear Export
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Regulation of Food Intake
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...

