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Related Concept Videos

Relative Motion Analysis - Acceleration01:10

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A slider-crank mechanism converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider. The movement of the slider-crank is an example of general plane motion as the fluctuating angle between the crank and the connecting rod. Consider a segment AB where point A is at the end of the slider and point B is on the diametrically opposite end to point A, on a crack. The variance in...
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A stroke engine has a slider-crank mechanism that converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider.
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Designing a solid shaft that transmits power from a motor to a machine tool involves a series of calculations to ensure the shaft can withstand the stresses applied by bending moments and torques. First, calculate the torque exerted on the gear, considering the power transmitted by the shaft and its rotational speed. Following this, compute the tangential forces acting on the gears, which directly relate to the torque and the gear radius.
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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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The design of a transmission shaft is governed by two primary specifications: the power it transmits and its rotational speed. These parameters guide the selection of the shaft's material and cross-sectional dimensions, ensuring that the material's maximum shearing stress remains within the elastic limit while transmitting the desired power at the given speed. The system's power is intrinsically linked to the applied torque. The torque applied to the shaft can be calculated by reconfiguring the...
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An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the torque...
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A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
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The Crankshaft Phenomenon.

Robert F Murphy1, James F Mooney

  • 1From the Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|August 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The crankshaft phenomenon, a spinal deformity after surgery, occurs due to continued anterior spinal growth in immature patients. Treatment options are limited, often requiring further surgery for significant progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Pediatric Spine Deformities

Background:

  • The crankshaft phenomenon is a progressive spinal deformity following posterior spinal surgery.
  • It is observed in pediatric patients with idiopathic, congenital, and neuromuscular scoliosis.
  • This condition is linked to continued anterior spinal element growth post-fusion or with growth-friendly instrumentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the crankshaft phenomenon in pediatric spinal surgery.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and limited treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and radiographic findings associated with the crankshaft phenomenon.
  • Analysis of contributing factors in skeletally immature patients.

Main Results:

  • Clinical signs are often subtle, while radiographic evidence is more apparent.
  • Objective radiographic measurement can be complicated by instrumentation and surgical changes.
  • The condition can occur with both traditional posterior fusion and newer distraction-based systems.

Conclusions:

  • The crankshaft phenomenon is a recognized complication of posterior spinal surgery in growing children.
  • Early identification and management are crucial due to limited treatment alternatives.
  • Further surgical intervention may be necessary for progressive or problematic deformities.