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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Whole-brain background-suppressed pCASL MRI with 1D-accelerated 3D RARE Stack-Of-Spirals readout.

Marta Vidorreta^1,2, Ze Wang^3,4, Yulin V Chang^1,2

¹Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

|August 25, 2017

Summary

Accelerated 3D Arterial Spin Labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI improves signal-to-noise ratio and contrast for brain imaging. This technique enhances functional activation detection and clinical applicability without compromising image quality.

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High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Neuroscience
Biophysics

Background:

Arterial Spin Labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI offers non-invasive, quantitative tissue perfusion measurement for applications like brain functional imaging.
Low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in ASL limits image resolution, while 3D readouts, though optimal for background suppression, can be SAR-intensive and cause through-plane blurring.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate accelerated 3D readouts for whole-brain, high-SNR ASL perfusion mapping.
To reduce Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) deposition during ASL MRI acquisitions.
To evaluate the performance of accelerated ASL MRI in healthy volunteers and clinical populations.

Main Methods:

Implementation of parallel imaging along the partition-encoding direction in a pseudo-continuous ASL sequence with background-suppression and 3D RARE Stack-Of-Spirals readout.
Evaluation of non-accelerated, 2-fold accelerated single-shot, and 2-shot accelerated sequences in healthy volunteers during a motor-photic task.
Assessment of accelerated ASL MRI in a cohort of elderly volunteers to evaluate clinical efficacy.

Main Results:

Accelerated ASL MRI detected functional activation at the subject level, including cerebellar activity, with maintained temporal stability and statistical power.
Acceleration increased gray matter-white matter (GM-WM) contrast, attributed to reduced through-plane partial volume effects, further improved by 2-shot readouts.
Excellent image quality was maintained in a clinical cohort, enabling detection of age and sex-related cerebral blood flow effects.

Conclusions:

Accelerated 3D ASL MRI provides high-SNR whole-brain perfusion maps with enhanced GM-WM contrast and improved functional activation detection.
The developed sequence demonstrates efficacy in both healthy and elderly populations, offering potential for broad cognitive and clinical neuroscience research.
The sequence is available for academic use, facilitating advancements in perfusion imaging research.