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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Late-life Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is understudied.
  • Neuroanatomical correlates of late-life GAD are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare brain structural characteristics (gray and white matter) in older adults with and without GAD.
  • To investigate the relationship between worry severity and neuroanatomical changes in late-life GAD.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 31 non-anxious controls (HC) with 28 late-life GAD participants.
  • Measured gray matter using FreeSurfer (cortical thickness, volume).
  • Assessed white matter integrity using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) (mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in macro- or microscopic white matter integrity between GAD and HC groups.
  • GAD participants exhibited lower cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inferior frontal gyrus, and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
  • Higher worry severity correlated with gray matter changes in the OFC, ACC, and putamen.

Conclusions:

  • Late-life GAD is associated with gray matter alterations in emotion regulation areas, rather than white matter changes.
  • Chronic hypercortisolemia in anxiety may differentially affect gray and white matter integrity.