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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
Published on: October 22, 2014
Constanze Theophil1, Clemens Jürgens2, Rico Großjohann1
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde Universitätsmedizin Greifswald.
Elevated HbA1c, smoking, and high blood pressure are linked to changes in retinal blood vessels. Eye exams may help assess general health conditions like diabetes and hypertension.
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