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Updated: Feb 24, 2026
Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
Published on: April 20, 2011
Assessing Inactivated Polio Vaccine Introduction and Utilization in Kano State, Nigeria, April-November 2015
Lynda U Osadebe1, Adam MacNeil1, Hashim Elmousaad1
1Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia.
Background:
Kano State, Nigeria, introduced inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) into its routine immunization (RI) schedule in March 2015 and was the pilot site for an RI data module for the National Health Management Information System (NHMIS). We determined factors impacting IPV introduction and the value of the RI module on monitoring new vaccine introduction.
Methods:
Two assessment approaches were used: (1) analysis of IPV vaccinations reported in NHMIS, and (2) survey of 20 local government areas (LGAs) and 60 associated health facilities (HF).
Results:
By April 2015, 66% of LGAs had at least 20% of HFs administering IPV, by June all LGAs had HFs administering IPV and by July, 91% of the HFs in Kano reported administering IPV. Among surveyed staff, most rated training and implementation as successful. Among HFs, 97% had updated RI reporting tools, although only 50% had updated microplans. Challenges among HFs included: IPV shortages (20%), hesitancy to administer 2 injectable vaccines (28%), lack of knowledge on multi-dose vial policy (30%) and age of IPV administration (8%).
Conclusion:
The introduction of IPV was largely successful in Kano and the RI module was effective in monitoring progress, although certain gaps were noted, which should be used to inform plans for future vaccine introductions.
