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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Crohn's Disease: Genetics Update.

Ming-Hsi Wang1, Michael F Picco1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|August 26, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic research has identified 140 Crohn's disease (CD) risk genes, but more is needed. Novel methods integrating genetic risk alleles and biomarkers will enable precision medicine for predicting CD outcomes.

Keywords:
BehaviorCrohn's diseaseGWASGenetic scoreGeneticsNOD2PhenotypesTNF

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Gastroenterology
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Over 140 genetic loci associated with Crohn's disease (CD) have been identified, primarily in Caucasian populations, since the discovery of the NOD2 gene in 2001.
  • These genetic factors influence CD subphenotypes and treatment responses, yet a significant portion of disease variance remains unexplained.
  • The increasing prevalence of CD in Asia and developing nations necessitates exploring novel methodologies beyond traditional genome-wide association studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of current genetic discoveries in Crohn's disease.
  • To develop novel methodologies for a more comprehensive understanding of CD.
  • To integrate genetic risk alleles with other biomarkers for improved disease prediction and management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-throughput genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic loci.
  • Developing advanced algorithms to incorporate genetic risk alleles with diverse biomarkers.
  • Focusing on integrating multiple data types for predictive modeling.

Main Results:

  • Identification of 140 genetic loci associated with CD in specific populations.
  • Recognition of the influence of specific genes on CD subphenotypes and treatment response.
  • Highlighting the need for novel approaches due to incomplete explanation of CD variance and rising global prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • Current genetic discoveries, while extensive, do not fully explain Crohn's disease variance.
  • Novel methodologies integrating genetic data with other biomarkers are crucial for advancing CD research.
  • The development of predictive algorithms will facilitate the realization of precision medicine in managing Crohn's disease.