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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Transduction01:16

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

In Vivo Imaging Uncovers the Migratory Behavior of Leukocytes within the Joints
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Exploiting a novel conformational switch to control innate immunity mediated by complement protein C3a.

Rink-Jan Lohman1,2,3, Johan K Hamidon1,3, Robert C Reid1,2,3

  • 1Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.

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|August 26, 2017
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Summary

Researchers developed selective C3a receptor modulators to study inflammation. These tools reveal how C3a receptor activation drives inflammation and offer potential for new complement-based medicines.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Complement C3a is crucial for immunity, but its in vivo functions are unclear due to rapid degradation.
  • Existing antibodies cannot distinguish C3a from its inactive form, C3a-desArg, hindering research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop potent, stable, and selective small molecule modulators of the C3a receptor.
  • To elucidate the pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of C3a receptor signaling in immune cells and in vivo models.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of novel heterocyclic small molecules targeting the C3a receptor.
  • Characterization of C3a receptor agonists and antagonists in human mast cells and macrophages.
  • In vivo studies using a rat paw edema model to assess inflammatory responses.

Main Results:

  • Developed selective C3a receptor agonists and antagonists with distinct conformational switching.
  • Demonstrated C3a receptor agonist-induced inflammation via mast cell degranulation, followed by immune cell recruitment.
  • Showed C3a receptor antagonist inhibition of mast cell degranulation and subsequent inflammatory cascade in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Novel C3a receptor modulators provide powerful tools to dissect C3a-mediated inflammatory mechanisms.
  • These findings illuminate the role of C3a receptor in innate and adaptive immunity.
  • The developed modulators offer potential therapeutic leads for complement-mediated inflammatory diseases.