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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

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Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
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Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

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Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
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Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
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Oxygen nanobubbles revert hypoxia by methylation programming.

Pushpak N Bhandari1,2, Yi Cui1,2, Bennett D Elzey3

  • 1Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.

Scientific Reports
|August 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel oxygen nanobubbles reverse tumor hypomethylation, enhancing cancer epigenetics and therapeutics. This approach delays tumor progression and improves survival rates in mice models.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Hypoxic tumor microenvironments promote cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.
  • Epigenetic alterations, such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hypomethylation, are critical in hypoxia-driven cancers.
  • Targeting tumor hypoxia is a key strategy in cancer therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate oxygen-encapsulated nanobubbles for mitigating tumor hypoxia.
  • To investigate the potential of oxygen nanobubbles in reversing epigenetic dysregulation in hypoxic tumors.
  • To assess the therapeutic efficacy of oxygen nanobubbles in preclinical cancer models.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of sub-100 nm oxygen-encapsulated carboxymethyl cellulosic nanobubbles.
  • In vitro and in vivo evaluation of nanobubble efficacy in hypoxic tumor models.
  • Analysis of DNA methylation patterns (5mC) and gene expression (BRCA1, MAT2A, PDK-1) following nanobubble treatment.
  • Assessment of tumor growth inhibition and survival rates in mice.

Main Results:

  • Oxygen nanobubbles effectively mitigated hypoxic regions in tumors.
  • Reversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hypomethylation was observed in hypoxic tumor areas.
  • Significant hypermethylation in the BRCA1 promoter region and reprogramming of hypoxia-associated genes (MAT2A, PDK-1) were noted.
  • Oxygen nanobubbles significantly delayed tumor progression and improved survival rates in mice.
  • Nanobubbles demonstrated utility as ultrasound contrast agents.

Conclusions:

  • Nanosized oxygen-filled bubbles represent a promising strategy for epigenetic reprogramming in cancer therapy.
  • This approach targets tumor hypoxia to reverse detrimental epigenetic changes and inhibit tumor growth.
  • Oxygen nanobubbles show potential as an adjuvant therapy with dual functionality as an ultrasound contrast agent.