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Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
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Evolution viewed from physics, physiology and medicine.

Denis Noble1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.

Interface Focus
|August 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms harness randomness for function, challenging the idea of "blind chance" in evolution. Order emerges from higher biological levels, not just molecular interactions, impacting our understanding of development and disease.

Keywords:
Schrödinger's errorbiological relativityevolution and physiologymodern synthesisneo-Darwinismstochasticity

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Area of Science:

  • * Developmental biology
  • * Evolutionary biology
  • * Systems biology

Background:

  • * Traditional views posit molecular-level order as the basis for biological function.
  • * Schrödinger's concept influenced the central dogma, emphasizing molecular determinism.
  • * Organisms exhibit functional complexity, suggesting mechanisms beyond simple molecular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To challenge the neo-Darwinian emphasis on random molecular variation as the sole driver of functional evolution.
  • * To propose that biological order originates from higher organizational levels, constraining lower-level components.
  • * To introduce the principle of biological relativity, asserting no privileged level of causation.

Main Methods:

  • * Conceptual analysis of biological order and stochasticity.
  • * Integration of principles from physics and developmental biology.
  • * Reinterpretation of genomic regulation and evolutionary processes.

Main Results:

  • * Stochasticity is actively harnessed by organisms for functional purposes.
  • * Biological order arises from higher levels (e.g., epigenetic regulation, environmental responses) that influence lower levels, including the genome.
  • * Evolution and development utilize physical processes, reducing reliance on purely DNA-encoded information.
  • * Functional variation's origin is not limited to the molecular level.

Conclusions:

  • * Biology generates order from disorder, akin to physics.
  • * The genome is a dynamic 'organ' sensitive to environmental cues and higher-level control.
  • * A paradigm shift from neo-Darwinism is needed, recognizing biological relativity and non-privileged causation.
  • * This perspective has significant implications for understanding disease and medical science.