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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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Heterochromatin02:38

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

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Post-translational Modifications of Centromeric Chromatin.

Ana García Del Arco1, Sylvia Erhardt2,3

  • 1Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.

Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology
|August 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Centromeric chromatin, defined by histone variant CENP-A, has a unique regulatory signature. Post-translational modifications of histones control chromatin structure, impacting DNA processes and disease development.

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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Chromatin structure regulation is crucial for DNA processes like gene expression.
  • Misregulation of chromatin is linked to various diseases.
  • Histone post-translational modifications create specific signatures for different chromatin regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the composition of centromeric chromatin.
  • To review the differential regulation of centromeric chromatin by post-translational modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on centromeric chromatin composition.
  • Analysis of studies on histone modifications in centromeric regions.

Main Results:

  • Centromeric chromatin is distinct from other chromatin structures.
  • The histone H3-variant CENP-A is a defining component of centromeric chromatin.
  • Specific patterns of post-translational modifications regulate centromeric chromatin.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding centromeric chromatin composition and its regulation is vital.
  • Post-translational modifications play a key role in centromeric chromatin function.
  • Further research into these modifications may offer insights into disease mechanisms.