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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

21.6K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
21.6K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.6K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.6K
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

1.5K
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
1.5K
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.6K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
3.6K
Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

1.0K
Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
1.0K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

2.9K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
2.9K

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Hydrophobic Salt-modified Nafion for Enzyme Immobilization and Stabilization
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Hydrophobic Salt-modified Nafion for Enzyme Immobilization and Stabilization

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Stabilising nanofluids in saline environments.

Sarmad Al-Anssari1, Muhammad Arif2, Shaobin Wang3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102 Bentley, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|August 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanofluid stability is crucial for applications like medicine and energy. Adding anionic surfactants significantly enhances stability in saline environments, overcoming salt-induced aggregation.

Keywords:
AnionicCationicNanoparticleSilicaStabilitySurfactantZeta potential

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry
  • Environmental Engineering

Background:

  • Nanofluids, nanoparticles dispersed in a fluid, offer potential in diverse fields such as medicine, water treatment, and energy.
  • Nanofluid stability is critical for these applications, yet data in saline environments, common in these fields, is lacking.
  • Understanding and improving nanofluid stability in the presence of salts is essential for practical implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify nanofluid stability across various formulations under different salinity conditions.
  • To investigate the impact of nanoparticle concentration and additives, particularly surfactants, on nanofluid stability.
  • To identify mechanisms influencing stability and determine optimal strategies for enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to analyze particle size distribution and colloidal stability.
  • Employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the physicochemical properties of nanofluid suspensions.
  • Systematically varied salinity, nanoparticle content, and surfactant types (anionic and cationic) to assess their effects.

Main Results:

  • Increased salinity significantly reduced nanofluid stability due to the screening of repulsive forces between nanoparticles.
  • Anionic surfactants demonstrably improved nanofluid stability in saline conditions.
  • Cationic surfactants, conversely, were found to decrease nanofluid stability.

Conclusions:

  • Anionic surfactants are effective in mitigating salt-induced instability in nanofluids.
  • The addition of anionic surfactants is recommended for maximizing nanofluid stability in saline applications.
  • Understanding surfactant-nanoparticle interactions is key to designing stable nanofluid systems for real-world use.