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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Extraction of Aqueous Metabolites from Cultured Adherent Cells for Metabolomic Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Vitamin D-induced Decrease in Polyol Pathway and Subtle Modulation of Glycolysis in

G C Santos1,2, J D Zeidler3, J A Pérez-Valencia3

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Vitamin D alters cell metabolism, decreasing key compounds like sorbitol and guanine. This vitamin supports cell health under high glucose by managing redox balance and aiding purine/pyrimidine synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • High glucose concentrations activate the polyol pathway in cells, similar to hyperglycemia.
  • HEK293T cells, an embryonic proliferative line, were used to study metabolic responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the metabolic effects of vitamin D in HEK293T cells under high glucose conditions.
  • To understand vitamin D's role in cellular redox homeostasis and proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • 1H NMR metabolomics was employed to analyze metabolic profiles.
  • Functional and molecular biochemical assays were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D decreased intracellular concentrations of sorbitol, glycine, glutamate, and guanine.
  • Glycolysis was modulated by altering enzyme activities (increasing phosphoglycerate mutase, decreasing enolase) without changing glucose uptake or lactate export.
  • Decreased sorbitol correlated with improved redox homeostasis and protection against oxidative stress, maintaining proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D elicits significant metabolic alterations in HEK293T cells exposed to high glucose.
  • Vitamin D appears to protect against oxidative stress and supports cellular proliferation by influencing metabolic pathways.
  • The findings suggest a protective role for vitamin D in managing hyperglycemia-induced metabolic stress.