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Beyond the critical point: An overview of excitotoxicity, calcium overload and the downstream consequences

Daniele Bano1, Maria Ankarcrona2

  • 1German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.

Neuroscience Letters
|August 28, 2017
PubMed

Insights

This review overviews neuronal excitotoxicity and calcium (Ca2+) overload, crucial in brain ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. It highlights molecular targets and Ca2+ transporters for potential neuroprotective therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Excitotoxicity is implicated in brain ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Research has identified molecular targets for neuroprotection.
  • Calcium (Ca2+) overload is a key consequence of excitotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Provide an overview of neuronal excitotoxicity.
  • Discuss the downstream effects of Ca2+ overload.
  • Examine the role of Ca2+ transporters in excitotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review
  • Synthesis of existing research on excitotoxicity mechanisms
  • Analysis of Ca2+ transporter involvement

Main Results:

  • Excitotoxicity involves complex molecular pathways.
  • Ca2+ overload leads to neuronal damage.
  • Ca2+ transporters play a significant role in regulating neuronal Ca2+ levels.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding excitotoxicity mechanisms is vital for developing neuroprotective strategies.
  • Targeting Ca2+ transporters offers therapeutic potential.
  • Further research into calcium signaling is warranted for neurodegenerative disease treatment.
Keywords:
CalciumCalpainsExcitotoxicityMitochondriaNa(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX)

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