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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Rapid and Efficient Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Normal and Aberrant Cytosine Methylation within Intact Zebrafish Embryos
Published on: August 18, 2022
Asymmetric DNA methylation between sister chromatids of metaphase chromosomes in mouse embryos upon bisphenol A
E L Patkin1, N A Grudinina1, L K Sasina1
1Lab. of Molec. Cytogenet. of Mammal. Devel., Dep. of Molec. Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences, akad. Pavlov str., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
Abstract:
Earlier we showed that asymmetric methylation of sister chromatids (AMSC) was a specific characteristic of differentiation potency, and supposed that AMSC could be a useful marker of environmental impact connected with differentiation and/or dedifferentiation. Here we investigated the level of AMSC in chromosomes and the nuclei methylation in mouse preimplantation and postimplantation embryos, in comparison with the undifferentiated cells of mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line F9, and human differentiated HEK293 cells upon BPA influence. We found that exposure of mouse preimplantation embryos to BPA caused a significant decrease in the level of AMSC in chromosomes and the nuclei methylation. The BPA exposure of potentially differentiating F9 cells had no any influence on DNA methylation in nuclei but significantly decreased the number of AMSC. The level of DNA methylation and AMSC in HEK293 cells were not also changed. These data indicate that BPA exerts significant influence on differentiating and potentially differentiable cells. The most sensitive BPA targets are preimplantation embryos and stem cells.
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