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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Invasion of Human Cells by a Bacterial Pathogen
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Streptococcus pyogenes translocates across an epithelial barrier.

Tomoko Sumitomo1

  • 1Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry.

Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Bacteriology
|August 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Streptococcus pyogenes invades tissues by degrading cell junctions using streptolysin S and SpeB. The bacteria also use host plasminogen to speed up invasion through tricellular tight junctions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Streptococcus pyogenes causes pharyngeal and skin infections.
  • Invasive S. pyogenes infections are rare but have high mortality.
  • Bacterial translocation across epithelial barriers is crucial for invasive disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors enabling Streptococcus pyogenes translocation across epithelial barriers.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of bacterial invasion into deeper tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated bacterial translocation mechanisms of Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • Identified bacterial factors and host interactions facilitating invasion.

Main Results:

  • Streptolysin S and SpeB facilitate bacterial translocation by degrading intercellular junctions.
  • S. pyogenes exploits host plasminogen to accelerate invasion via tricellular tight junctions.

Conclusions:

  • Novel factors, streptolysin S and SpeB, enable S. pyogenes epithelial barrier translocation.
  • Host plasminogen is exploited by S. pyogenes to enhance invasion through tricellular tight junctions.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to combating invasive streptococcal infections.