Reflection as a Deliberative and Distributed Practice: Assessing Neuro-Enhancement Technologies via Mutual Learning...

Area of Science:

• Philosophy of technology
• Science and technology studies
• Neuroethics

Background:

• Advanced technological societies require recovering the 'forgotten experience of reflection' for emancipatory knowledge.
• Contemporary critical reflection necessitates a deliberative ambiance and mutual learning processes.
• This is particularly crucial for technologies optimizing human cognition, such as neuro-enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and analyze the concept of a Mutual Learning Exercise (MLE) for fostering critical upstream reflection on emerging technologies.
• To explore practical and conceptual aspects of MLEs in the context of neuro-enhancement and responsible research and innovation.
• To enhance the societal robustness and responsiveness of emerging technologies through deliberative and distributed reflection.

Main Methods:

• Development of the Mutual Learning Exercise (MLE) concept within the European NERRI project.
• Analysis of MLEs through case studies, focusing on ambiance, expertise, 'genres of the imagination', and 'subcultures of debate'.
• Conceptualizing MLEs as a contemporary Socratic agora for challenging diverse perspectives.

Main Results:

• MLEs provide a structured environment for mutual learning and deliberative reflection.
• Key aspects for successful MLEs include managing ambiance, integrating diverse expertise, utilizing 'genres of the imagination', and understanding 'subcultures of debate'.
• MLEs facilitate a dynamic exchange of ideas, strengthening the societal embedding of emerging technologies.

Conclusions:

• Mutual Learning Exercises are effective in creating the necessary deliberative ambiance for critical reflection on neuro-enhancement.
• MLEs contribute to responsible research and innovation by integrating societal perspectives early in technological development.
• The MLE model offers a framework for enhancing the societal robustness and responsiveness of emerging technologies.