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Dietary Patterns and Overweight/Obesity: A Review Article.

Min Mu1, Li-Fa Xu1, Dong Hu1

  • 1Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China.

Iranian Journal of Public Health
|August 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Adopting a healthy dietary pattern is linked to reduced risk of overweight and obesity. Conversely, an unhealthy dietary pattern increases this risk, highlighting the importance of diet for maintaining a healthy body mass index.

Keywords:
BMIDietary patternsMeta-analysisObesityOverweight

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dietary pattern analysis offers insights into diet's impact on overweight and obesity.
  • The relationship between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity has been a significant research focus for two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the association between dietary patterns and the risk of overweight and obesity.
  • To identify specific dietary patterns linked to reduced or increased risk of overweight/obesity.

Main Methods:

  • An electronic literature search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science for English-language human studies published by March 2015.
  • Keywords included: dietary patterns, factor analysis, principal component analysis, diet, obesity, adiposity, overweight, and body mass index (BMI).
  • Studies identified two main dietary patterns: prudent/healthy (n=17) and western/unhealthy (n=18).

Main Results:

  • Highest adherence to a prudent/healthy dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity (OR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.78; P<0.0001) compared to the lowest adherence.
  • Highest adherence to a western/unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.45, 1.87; P<0.0001) compared to the lowest adherence.

Conclusions:

  • A prudent/healthy dietary pattern is recommended for maintaining a healthy body mass.
  • Limiting intake of western/unhealthy dietary patterns is advised to mitigate overweight and obesity risks.