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Updated: Feb 24, 2026
05:19
A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
Published on: November 7, 2025
918
Population-based Prostate Cancer Screening in Kazakhstan
Yevgeniy Ishkinin1,2, Alma Zhylkaidarova1, Nurzhan Nurgaliyev1
1Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Iranian Journal of Public Health
|August 29, 2017
Summary
Kazakhstan
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
- Public Health
Background:
- Prostate cancer screening in Kazakhstan, initiated in 11 regions in 2013, remains a subject of debate.
- Evaluating the outcomes of this population-based screening program is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effectiveness of a population-based prostate cancer screening program implemented in Kazakhstan.
- To analyze the diagnostic yield and stage distribution of prostate cancer detected through screening.
Main Methods:
- A large-scale study involving 321,548 men aged 50-66 years in Kazakhstan from 2013-2015.
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, Prostate Health Index (PHI), transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy, and histological examination were employed.
- Data from screening regions were compared with traditional diagnostic regions.
Main Results:
- Prostate cancer was detected in 742 men (0.23%), with 83% diagnosed at early stages (I-II).
- Screening regions showed significantly higher rates of early-stage prostate cancer diagnosis (RR 1.35, OR 1.84) compared to traditional diagnostics.
- Prostate cancer was detected at stages I-II in screening regions at a higher rate (RR 1.64, OR 4.77) through screening compared to traditional methods.
Conclusions:
- Population-based prostate cancer screening in Kazakhstan has demonstrated the ability to improve early-stage diagnosis.
- The findings support the implementation of screening programs to enhance prostate cancer detection rates at earlier, more treatable stages.
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