In vivo visualization of lipid coronary atheroma with intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy
Yu Kataoka1, Rishi Puri2,3,4, Jordan Andrews5
1a Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Centre , Suita , Japan.
Insights
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) visualizes lipid-rich plaques in arteries, aiding in identifying high-risk patients for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This imaging technique shows promise for better cardiovascular risk assessment and monitoring treatment effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Imaging
- Medical Technology
- Atherosclerosis Research
Background:
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) presents a growing global health challenge.
- Improved prediction and therapies are crucial for better cardiovascular outcomes.
- Intravascular imaging aids in understanding atherosclerosis and evaluating treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) characteristics and in vivo findings in coronary artery disease.
- To compare NIRS with other imaging modalities for visualizing lipid-rich plaques.
- To summarize the predictive value of NIRS measures for ASCVD events.
Main Methods:
- Review of NIRS technology, validation data, and clinical findings.
- Comparative analysis of NIRS against other intravascular imaging techniques.
- Synthesis of studies evaluating NIRS-derived measures for cardiovascular risk prediction.
Main Results:
- NIRS visualizes lipid extent in atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.
- NIRS demonstrates a distinct capability to identify high-risk atheroma with lipidic composition.
- NIRS-derived measures show predictive ability for ASCVD occurrence.
Conclusions:
- NIRS imaging is a potential tool for cardiovascular risk assessment.
- NIRS can monitor the benefits of pharmacological therapies in patients with ASCVD.
- NIRS aids in identifying high-risk individuals for optimized therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has become a major health burden and is expected to further increase in the future. Better predictive approaches for ASCVD and more efficacious therapies are required to further improve cardiovascular outcomes. Intravascular imaging has contributed to the elucidation of atherosclerotic mechanisms and evaluation of novel therapies. Near-infrared spectroscopy has enabled the visualization of the lipid extent of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Given that lipid accumulation is considered to promote the formation and progression of atherosclerosis, this technology may harbor the potential to identify subjects with high cardiovascular risks and thus adopt more optimized therapeutic approaches. Areas covered: This review will outline the characteristics of NIRS, its validation data and in vivo findings of NIRS imaging in patients with coronary artery disease. The comparisons of NIRS with other imaging modalities will reveal the distinct capability of NIRS imaging to monitor high-risk atheroma harboring lipidic composition. Furthermore, the predictive ability of NIRS-derived measures in the occurrence of ASCVD will be summarized. Expert commentary: Ex vivo and in vivo findings suggest NIRS imaging as a potential tool for cardiovascular risk assessment and monitoring the benefit of pharmacological approaches.
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