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Droplet Bouncing and Breakup during Impact on a Microgrooved Surface.

Laxman K Malla1, Nagesh D Patil2, Rajneesh Bhardwaj2

  • 1IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076, India.

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We studied water droplet impact on hydrophobic microgrooved surfaces, finding that spreading direction and bouncing behavior depend on groove pitch and impact speed (Weber number). The results map droplet impact regimes for surface design.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Understanding droplet impact on textured surfaces is crucial for applications like self-cleaning and anti-icing.
  • Hydrophobic surfaces with microgrooves offer unique wetting properties that influence droplet behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the impact dynamics of water droplets on hydrophobic microgrooved surfaces.
  • To determine the effect of groove pitch and Weber number on droplet spreading, impact outcome, and wetting transitions.
  • To create a regime map classifying different impact outcomes based on surface topography and impact conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of hydrophobic microgrooved surfaces using photolithography.
  • High-speed visualization to capture time-varying droplet shapes in transverse and longitudinal directions.
  • Systematic variation of groove pitch and Weber number to study impact dynamics.

Main Results:

  • At low pitch and Weber number, droplets spread preferentially in the longitudinal direction, inversely scaling with pitch.
  • Impact outcomes transition from no bouncing (NB) to complete bouncing (CB), bouncing with breakup (BDB), or no bouncing due to wetting transition (NBW) with increasing pitch or Weber number.
  • Liquid penetration into grooves occurs in BDB and NBW regimes, leading to breakup or suppressed bouncing, respectively.
  • A regime map delineates these outcomes on a Weber number-dimensionless pitch plane.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of water droplet impact dynamics on microgrooved surfaces.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of groove geometry and impact velocity in controlling droplet behavior and wetting transitions.
  • The developed regime map serves as a valuable tool for designing surfaces with tailored water-repellent properties.