Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

The Bronchial Tree

The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Preclinical development of engineered biomaterial-based artificial bladder demonstrating core functions in a large-animal orthotopic model.

Materials today. Bio·2026

Same author

Korean red ginseng complex accelerates alcohol metabolism and relieves hangover symptoms in Humans: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial.

Journal of ginseng research·2026

Same author

Quantifying Information Exchange Between Cells in Inflammaging.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Towards Safer Water: A Low-Cost Disposable Electrochemical Sensor for Bisphenol A Using La<sub>2</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> Nanostructures.

Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ)·2026

Same author

Effect of MDI on the Mechanical Properties of Fibers in Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene succinate) Blends During Melt Spinning.

Polymers·2026

Same author

Longitudinal transformation of mitochondrial metabolism during neurogenesis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Published on: May 15, 2013

Aging effects on airflow dynamics and lung function in human bronchioles.

JongWon Kim¹, Rebecca L Heise^2,3, Angela M Reynolds^3,4

¹College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.

|August 29, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Aging significantly compromises lung function and respiratory mechanics, increasing risks for elderly patients on mechanical ventilation. This study quantifies age-related changes in airflow dynamics and lung capacity.

More Related Videos

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

Published on: October 8, 2013

Isolating Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Resected Lung Tissue for Biobanking and Establishing Well-Differentiated Air-Liquid Interface Cultures

Isolating Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Resected Lung Tissue for Biobanking and Establishing Well-Differentiated Air-Liquid Interface Cultures

Published on: May 26, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Published on: May 15, 2013

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

Published on: October 8, 2013

Isolating Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Resected Lung Tissue for Biobanking and Establishing Well-Differentiated Air-Liquid Interface Cultures

Isolating Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Resected Lung Tissue for Biobanking and Establishing Well-Differentiated Air-Liquid Interface Cultures

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Respiratory Physiology
Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Mechanical ventilation is critical for patients with compromised respiratory function.
Elderly patients face higher mortality rates (53%) when requiring mechanical ventilation.
Aging naturally diminishes lung function and alters respiratory mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the impact of aging on airflow dynamics and lung function.
To develop computational models simulating respiratory mechanics in aging lungs.
To inform mechanical ventilation strategies for elderly patients.

Main Methods:

Developed geometric models of human airways (tracheobronchial, bronchioles, alveolar sacs) for 50- and 80-year-old subjects.
Modified aged models by altering geometry and material properties.
Performed coupled fluid-solid computational simulations under mechanical ventilation.

Main Results:

Airway mechanical characteristics decreased with age, showing a 38% pressure drop in the 80-year-old vs. 50-year-old.
Shear stress on airway walls and peak strain during exhalation increased significantly with age.
Lung compliance increased by 41% and airway mechanics changed by 35%-50% in the 80-year-old model.

Conclusions:

Aging significantly compromises airflow dynamics and lung capacity.
Quantified age-related changes in lung mechanics are crucial for mechanical ventilation in the elderly.
Future computational models should incorporate realistic geometry and material properties for aging lungs.