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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Immunogenicity in Protein and Peptide Based-Therapeutics: An Overview.

L Fernandez1, R H Bustos1, C Zapata1

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Biological drugs can trigger an immune response, known as immunogenicity, affecting treatment efficacy and safety. Understanding and managing immunogenicity is crucial for optimizing therapies and personalizing patient care.

Keywords:
ADAsImmunogenicityanti-drugs antibodiesbiological drugsbiosensorpeptide.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Biological drugs, including fully human ones, can elicit a host immune response called immunogenicity.
  • Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) can alter drug levels, action, and safety by affecting clearance or mechanism of action (neutralizing/non-neutralizing).
  • Immunogenicity is a dynamic factor in biological therapy, critical for long-term treatments and assessing secondary loss of response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the events of immunogenicity induced by biological drugs.
  • To identify factors influencing immunogenicity.
  • To discuss the assessment of immunogenicity in biological therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunogenicity in biological drugs.
  • Analysis of factors affecting drug immunogenicity.
  • Summary of methods for assessing immunogenicity.

Main Results:

  • Biological drugs inherently possess the potential to induce immunogenicity.
  • Factors influencing immunogenicity impact drug efficacy, safety, and clearance.
  • Assessment of immunogenicity is vital for therapeutic strategy optimization.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge and management of biological drug immunogenicity are key to optimizing treatment strategies.
  • Understanding immunogenicity aids in designing predictive response models for personalized therapies.
  • Personalized therapeutic approaches, especially for autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, and cancer, benefit significantly from immunogenicity management.