A recommended protocol for the Chernoff/Kavlock preliminary developmental toxicity test and a proposed method for...

Recommendations are made for a standard protocol for the Chernoff/Kavlock preliminary developmental toxicity test, and a weighted scoring system is proposed to provide a numerical prioritization. Protocol recommendations include use of pregnant animals for dose-finding studies and, in the testing phase, treatment on gestation days 6-15 at an overtly maternally toxic dose. This treatment period corresponds to the usual timing of a teratology test and provides an improved data base in the event a conventional test is deemed appropriate. Five indices of potential developmental toxicity are: the proportion of pregnant survivors at term that produces a viable litter (at least one liveborn pup), average litter size and pup weight at birth, and average neonatal survival and body weight gain to 3 days of age. Neither systematic examinations of pups (living or dead) for malformations nor counts of dead pups are considered productive. In the proposed method for point scores, each of the five indices is assigned a point value that varies according to broad classes of maternal toxicity. The maximum total point value is 22. When there is no statistically significant difference between treated and control groups, the assigned value is subtracted from 22. If there is a statistically significant treatment effect, or if statistics cannot be applied, then no points are subtracted. The points remaining after all five indices are considered constitute the priority score, which may range from 0 (low) to 22 (high priority).