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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
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DNA replication through a chromatin environment.

James M Bellush1,2, Iestyn Whitehouse3

  • 1Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|August 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin structure, formed by DNA wrapping histones into nucleosomes, regulates genome access. Recent research highlights how this chromatin environment critically impacts DNA replication processes.

Keywords:
DNA replicationchromatinnucleosome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA is compacted into chromatin via nucleosomes, fundamental units of DNA organization.
  • Chromatin regulates genome accessibility, impacting processes like gene transcription.
  • Emerging evidence links chromatin biology to essential DNA replication mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding chromatin's influence on DNA replication.
  • To explore how the chromatin environment affects key DNA replication steps.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on chromatin and DNA replication.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on chromatin modifiers and remodelers in DNA replication.

Main Results:

  • Chromatin structure significantly influences DNA replication initiation, elongation, and termination.
  • Specific chromatin modifications and remodeling activities are crucial for efficient and accurate DNA replication.
  • The interplay between chromatin and replication machinery is a dynamic process.

Conclusions:

  • The chromatin environment is a key regulator of DNA replication fidelity and efficiency.
  • Further research into chromatin dynamics offers insights into DNA replication control.
  • Understanding these links is vital for comprehending genome stability and cell division.