Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.1K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
8.1K
Perception01:28

Perception

1.4K
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
1.4K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

2.9K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
2.9K
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

11.5K
The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
11.5K
Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

888
Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
888
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

7.6K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
7.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Perceptual training selectively strengthens top-down signaling to sensory cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Auditory perceptual expertise: Amplitude modulation rate discrimination near the threshold for detection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Family identity is represented within vocal categories by the gerbil auditory cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Continuous monitoring and machine vision reveals that developing gerbils exhibit structured social behaviors prior to the emergence of autonomy.

PLoS biology·2025
Same author

The cingulate cortex facilitates auditory perception under challenging listening conditions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Neural Correlates of Perceptual Plasticity in the Auditory Midbrain and Thalamus.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

16.4K

Top-down modulation of sensory cortex gates perceptual learning.

Melissa L Caras1, Dan H Sanes2,3,4,5

  • 1Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003; caras@nyu.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Perceptual learning enhances auditory cortex function, but this neural improvement is gated by task engagement. Targeted reduction of auditory cortex activity during training impaired perceptual learning, highlighting its crucial role.

Keywords:
auditorycortexlearningplasticitytop-down

More Related Videos

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
08:43

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Published on: October 22, 2015

10.8K
Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat
09:43

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Published on: December 11, 2017

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

16.4K
Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
08:43

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Published on: October 22, 2015

10.8K
Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat
09:43

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Published on: December 11, 2017

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Perceptual Learning

Background:

  • Perceptual learning improves sensory judgments through practice.
  • Causal evidence and temporal dynamics of neural plasticity in perceptual learning are not well understood.
  • The relationship between neural changes and behavioral improvements in auditory cortex requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal role of auditory cortex in perceptual learning.
  • To examine the temporal relationship between neural and behavioral plasticity during auditory learning.
  • To determine if neural improvements in auditory cortex are behaviorally gated.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded auditory cortical neuron activity in gerbils during a sound detection task.
  • Compared neural and behavioral sensitivity changes over training.
  • Manipulated auditory cortical activity during training to assess causal impact.

Main Results:

  • Cortical and behavioral sensitivity improved in parallel during training.
  • Neural improvements were significant during task performance but weak during non-task listening.
  • Reducing auditory cortical activity during training impaired perceptual learning but not general psychometric performance.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory cortex plays a causal role in perceptual learning.
  • Neural plasticity in auditory cortex is behaviorally gated and task-dependent.
  • Perceptual learning involves strengthening both sensory encoding and top-down modulation of the auditory cortex.