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Disrupted Working Memory Circuitry in Adolescent Psychosis.
Ariel Eckfeld1, Katherine H Karlsgodt1, Kristen M Haut2
1Department of Psychology, UCLALos Angeles, CA, United States.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|August 30, 2017
Summary
Adolescent psychosis (AP) is linked to spatial working memory (WM) deficits and atypical brain activity. Youth with AP show age-related disruptions in WM circuitry, impacting cognitive development.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with spatial working memory (WM) deficits and altered neural activity in prefrontal and parietal regions.
- Research on adolescent psychosis (AP) and its impact on WM circuitry during youth is limited.
- Understanding age-associated disruptions in WM networks is crucial for early intervention in severe mental illness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate task-based neural dysfunction in spatial working memory (WM) in adolescents with psychosis (AP) compared to healthy controls.
- To examine age-associated differences in WM circuitry and their relationship with cognitive performance in youth with AP.
- To identify neural correlates of WM capacity and their association with clinical and neurocognitive outcomes in AP.
Main Methods:
- Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activity during a spatial working memory task.
- Compared neural activation patterns and functional connectivity between 17 patients with AP and 17 healthy adolescents.
- Employed whole-brain activation analyses and seed-based psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses to examine dlPFC connectivity.
Main Results:
- Adolescents with AP exhibited lower behavioral performance and WM capacity compared to controls.
- AP patients showed reduced activation in precentral and postcentral regions and weaker dlPFC-frontal pole connectivity.
- Significant group-by-age interactions revealed atypically increased neural activity and connectivity with age in AP patients.
Conclusions:
- Youth with AP demonstrate atypical spatial working memory (WM) functioning and disrupted developmental trajectories in WM circuitry.
- Findings suggest age-related alterations in brain networks supporting WM in adolescents with psychosis.
- These results highlight the importance of considering developmental processes in understanding cognitive deficits in early-onset psychosis.
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