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Dendritic Cell Subsets in Asthma: Impaired Tolerance or Exaggerated Inflammation?
Heleen Vroman1, Rudi W Hendriks1, Mirjam Kool1
1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Frontiers in Immunology
|August 30, 2017
Summary
Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate asthma by driving distinct inflammatory pathways. Understanding different DC subsets is key to targeting eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma effectively.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Respiratory Medicine
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with diverse mechanisms.
- Mild asthma involves Th2/eosinophilic responses, while severe asthma shows Th17/neutrophilic or mixed inflammation.
- Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate these T-cell responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the roles of distinct dendritic cell subsets in asthma pathogenesis.
- To explore how different DC subsets contribute to or suppress Th2 and Th17-mediated inflammation.
- To highlight advancements in identifying and studying DC subsets in asthma models.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on DC subsets and asthma.
- Discussion of ontogeny, localization, and functional properties of DC subsets.
- Examination of mechanisms employed by conventional DCs (cDCs) and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs).
Main Results:
- Dendritic cell subsets, including cDC1s, cDC2s, and moDCs, exhibit unique functions in asthma.
- These subsets differentially influence the development of Th2 (eosinophilic) and Th17 (neutrophilic) inflammation.
- Specific DC subsets can either promote or inhibit asthma progression.
Conclusions:
- Targeting specific dendritic cell subsets offers potential therapeutic strategies for different asthma phenotypes.
- Further research into DC subset heterogeneity is crucial for understanding and treating severe asthma.
- Advances in identification tools facilitate deeper investigation into DC roles in airway inflammation.
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