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Related Concept Videos

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Plant Cell Wall02:43

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The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
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Nitrate Uptake Affects Cell Wall Synthesis and Modeling.

Simone Landi1, Sergio Esposito1

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'AngeloNapoli, Italy.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|August 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitrate assimilation is linked to plant cell wall growth, with nitrate transporters co-regulating pectin and xyloglucan synthesis enzymes. Ammonium transporters show no such connection, offering insights for crop breeding.

Keywords:
Arabidopsisabiotic stressammoniumcellulose synthesisnitrogen assimilationpectin synthesistomatoxyloglucane synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Plant Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nitrogen (N) assimilation and cell wall remodeling are crucial for plant growth and development.
  • The precise relationship between N transporters and cell wall synthesis enzymes is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional connection between inorganic nitrogen transporters and cell-wall-related enzymes in *Arabidopsis thaliana*.
  • To identify co-expressed genes involved in nitrogen uptake and cell wall modification.

Main Methods:

  • Co-expression analysis of nitrate and ammonium transporters with cell wall-related enzymes in *Arabidopsis thaliana*.
  • Bioinformatic approach to identify functional relationships between gene sets.

Main Results:

  • A significant co-expression was observed between inorganic nitrogen transporters and cell wall formation genes.
  • Nitrate transporters showed strong co-regulation with enzymes involved in pectin and xyloglucan synthesis.
  • Ammonium transporters exhibited minimal co-expression with cell wall synthesis genes.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrate assimilation is closely linked to the regulation of cell wall growth and composition.
  • Co-expression analysis reveals potential gene candidates for improving plant development and abiotic stress tolerance in crops.
  • Understanding these links can aid in breeding programs for enhanced crop resilience.