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Chunking is a powerful cognitive technique that improves short-term memory retention by organizing information into smaller, more manageable units. The brain, limited by working memory capacity, can more easily process and store information when it is divided into "chunks" rather than presented as discrete, unrelated elements. Chunking is especially useful when dealing with large amounts of information, such as numerical sequences, words, or complex ideas.
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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Increasing relational memory in childhood with unitization strategies.

Alison Robey1, Tracy Riggins2

  • 1University of Maryland, 1105G Biology-Psychology Building, College Park, MD, 20740, USA. arobey@umd.edu.

Memory & Cognition
|August 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Young children

Keywords:
DevelopmentFamiliarity in recognition memoryMemoryMemory strategiesRecollection

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Developmental psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Young children often struggle with relational memory due to immature recollection processes.
  • Adult studies suggest familiarity, a mature process, can support relational memory.
  • Unitization strategies enhance familiarity's role in adult memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if memory strategies can improve relational memory in children.
  • To determine if teaching unitization enhances familiarity-based memory in young children.
  • To assess the impact of unitization on familiarity and recollection in 6- and 8-year-olds.

Main Methods:

  • Children aged 6 and 8 were taught visualization strategies.
  • Strategies were designed to either unitize or not unitize stimuli (pictures and borders).
  • Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis based on dual-process models estimated familiarity and recollection.

Main Results:

  • Unitization strategies significantly improved relational memory performance in both age groups.
  • Teaching unitization increased the contribution of familiarity to memory performance.
  • Recollection estimates did not significantly change, suggesting a familiarity-based improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Relational memory in young children can be enhanced by teaching specific memory strategies.
  • Unitization strategies effectively boost the role of familiarity in children's memory.
  • These findings highlight the potential for memory strategy training to improve cognitive functions in childhood.