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Double Dose Versus Standard Dose Hepatitis B Vaccine in HIV-infected Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Shahid Akhtar Siddiqui1, Manisha Maurya, D K Singh

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Correspondence to: Prof Ruchi Rai, A-77, Sector 21, Jalvayu Vihar, NOIDA 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India. ruchiraialld@gmail.com.

Indian Pediatrics
|August 30, 2017
PubMed

Insights

A higher dose of hepatitis B vaccine (20 µg) did not improve seroprotection rates in HIV-infected children compared to the standard dose (10 µg). Lower CD4 counts were linked to reduced vaccine effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis B remains a significant concern in HIV-infected children.
  • Optimizing vaccine efficacy in immunocompromised populations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of a double dose (20 µg) versus a standard dose (10 µg) of hepatitis B vaccine.
  • To evaluate seroprotection rates in HIV-infected children receiving different vaccine dosages.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized trial involving unvaccinated HIV-infected children.
  • Administration of three doses of either standard or double dose recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine.
  • Measurement of anti-HBs antibody titres 3 months post-vaccination, with seroprotection defined as ≥10 mIU/mL.

Main Results:

  • Seroprotection rates were 60.7% in the standard dose group and 74% in the double dose group (P=0.29).
  • A CD4 count below 500 cells/mm³ was significantly associated with lower seroprotection rates.

Conclusions:

  • The double dose of hepatitis B vaccine did not demonstrate a significant advantage over the standard dose in HIV-infected children.
  • Further research may be needed to explore strategies for improving hepatitis B vaccine response in this vulnerable group.
Abstract

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