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Adolescents' experience of complex persistent pain.

Kari Sørensen1,2, Bjørg Christiansen3

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Adolescents with chronic pain experience intense physical and emotional distress, impacting daily life. Despite challenges, they show a strong drive for normalcy and an optimistic future outlook.

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent health
  • Pain management
  • Qualitative research

Background:

  • Persistent (chronic) pain affects many adolescents, often presenting with amplified pain signals and syndromes of unconfirmed etiology like fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).
  • Adolescents with chronic pain exhibit higher distress, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and lower mood, risking long-term mental and physical health issues.
  • Understanding the lived experiences of adolescents with complex persistent pain necessitates further qualitative research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the lived experiences of adolescents with complex persistent pain.
  • To understand the impact of chronic pain on adolescents' everyday lives.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory design utilizing individual in-depth interviews with six adolescents (aged 12-19) from a Norwegian pain clinic.
  • A narrative approach was employed to allow participants to voice their experiences with complex persistent pain.
  • Hermeneutic analysis was used for reflective interpretation based on the research question.

Main Results:

  • Three key themes emerged: a life dominated by pain and bodily symptoms, altered emotional well-being, and struggles with daily life activities.
  • Pain was described as severe, sometimes without clear cause or recognition by healthcare providers, intensifying with suffering and difficult to articulate.
  • Participants experienced anxiety, despair, and uncertainty leading to physical disability, sleep issues, school absence, and social withdrawal, yet expressed optimism after interdisciplinary treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescents' experiences of complex persistent pain are profound, impacting all life aspects and potentially leading to isolation.
  • Despite facing significant challenges and cycles of despair, adolescents demonstrate a strong motivation to achieve normalcy.
  • The study highlights the critical need for a biopsychosocial approach in managing adolescent persistent pain.