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Related Concept Videos

Van de Graaff Generator01:15

Van de Graaff Generator

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Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

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Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
1.5K
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

7.7K
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such...
7.7K
Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview01:30

Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview

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Electrogravimetric analysis measures the weight of an analyte deposited electrolytically onto a suitable working electrode. This method involves applying a potential to a pre-weighed electrode submerged in a solution, which results in the desired substance being deposited through reduction at the cathode or oxidation at the anode. The electrode's weight is recorded after deposition, and the difference in weight gives the analyte's weight in the solution.
To test the completeness of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Large-scale Top-down Proteomics Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Van de Graaff generator for capillary electrophoresis.

Seung Jae Lee1, Eric R Castro1, Rosanne M Guijt2

  • 1KIST Europe, Campus E7 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|August 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A novel Van de Graaff generator method enhances capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation efficiency. This approach uses high voltage, low current to achieve over 3.5 million plates for complex sample analysis.

Keywords:
High Voltage capillary electrophoresisHigh separation efficiencyHigh separation resolutionVan de Graaff generator

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Capillary Electrophoresis-based Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange for Conformational Characterization of Proteins with Top-down Mass Spectrometry
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Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
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Capillary Electrophoresis-based Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange for Conformational Characterization of Proteins with Top-down Mass Spectrometry
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Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Capillary electrophoresis (CE) typically uses normal power supplies (NPS).
  • High voltage is crucial for enhancing separation resolution in CE.
  • Joule heating can be a limiting factor in high voltage CE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new high voltage approach for capillary electrophoresis.
  • To utilize a Van de Graaff generator as a low current power source for CE.
  • To improve separation efficiency and resolution for complex samples.

Main Methods:

  • Replacing the standard high voltage power supply with a Van de Graaff generator.
  • Maximizing capillary electrical resistance by decreasing capillary diameter and buffer ionic strength.
  • Separating fluorescently labeled amino acids using a 5μm i.d. capillary and 2mM borate buffer.

Main Results:

  • Potentials exceeding 100kV were generated using the Van de Graaff generator.
  • Separation efficiencies up to 3.5 million plates were achieved.
  • A 5.7-fold improvement in separation efficiency was observed compared to NPS, with minimal Joule heating.

Conclusions:

  • The Van de Graaff generator is a viable alternative power source for high voltage CE.
  • This method significantly enhances separation efficiency for complex mixtures like glycans.
  • The simple setup and high efficiency make it promising for advanced analytical applications.