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Solving the jitter problem in microwave compressed ultrafast electron diffraction instruments: Robust sub-50 fs

M R Otto1, L P René de Cotret1, M J Stern1

  • 1Department of Physics, Center for the Physics of Materials, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada.

Structural Dynamics (Melville, N.Y.)
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We achieved precise electron pulse compression for ultrafast electron diffraction using phase-locked microwaves. This significantly enhances timing stability, enabling advanced research without laser-microwave synchronization limits.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) requires precisely controlled electron pulses.
  • Achieving stable and compressed electron pulses is crucial for high-resolution UED experiments.
  • Existing methods face limitations due to laser-microwave synchronization and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate electron pulse compression in a high-brightness UED instrument.
  • To implement a continuous-wave phase stabilization system for improved timing stability.
  • To overcome limitations imposed by laser-microwave synchronization in UED.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing phase-locked microwave signals from a mode-locked femtosecond oscillator for pulse compression.
  • Designing and implementing a continuous-wave phase stabilization system to correct for cavity phase fluctuations.
  • Electronically measuring microwave timing stability and long-term electron pulse arrival time stability.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant improvement in microwave timing stability from 100 fs to 5 fs RMS.
  • Demonstrated long-term electron pulse arrival time stability below 50 fs over 10 hours.
  • Successfully compressed electron pulses, enhancing the performance of the UED instrument.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enables sub-relativistic ultrafast electron diffraction with highly compressed electron pulses.
  • The implemented phase stabilization system effectively mitigates timing jitter caused by power amplification and thermal drift.
  • This advancement removes laser-microwave synchronization as a limiting factor in UED experiments.