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Related Concept Videos

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

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Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
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Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

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Diffusiophoresis in Ionic Surfactant Gradients.

Rodrigo Nery-Azevedo1, Anirudha Banerjee1, Todd M Squires1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surfactant gradients drive colloidal particle movement (diffusiophoresis). Particle migration direction and magnitude change significantly below and above the surfactant

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Surfactants are crucial in science and technology.
  • Gradients frequently form in nonequilibrium processes.
  • Understanding diffusiophoresis in surfactant systems is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and measure latex colloid migration in surfactant gradients.
  • To investigate diffusiophoresis below and above the critical micelle concentration (cmc).
  • To elucidate the role of surfactant monomers and micelles in diffusiophoresis.

Main Methods:

  • Visualizing colloidal particle movement.
  • Measuring diffusiophoretic migration.
  • Utilizing cationic and anionic surfactants.
  • Analyzing behavior below and above the cmc.

Main Results:

  • Below cmc, diffusiophoresis aligns with electrolyte gradient theories, with charge reversal observed.
  • Above cmc, diffusiophoretic mobilities decrease significantly.
  • Charged monomers, not micelles, dominate diffusiophoresis above cmc.
  • Constant monomer concentration above cmc leads to weak diffusiophoresis.

Conclusions:

  • Surfactant type and concentration (below/above cmc) critically affect diffusiophoresis.
  • Monomer concentration is the primary driver of diffusiophoresis above cmc.
  • Findings offer strategies for predicting and designing surfactant-driven colloidal systems.