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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Thyroid Hormone Availability and Action during Brain Development in Rodents.

Soledad Bárez-López1,2, Ana Guadaño-Ferraz1,2

  • 1Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)Madrid, Spain.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
|September 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormones (THs) are vital for vertebrate neurodevelopment. This review synthesizes rat and mouse studies on TH availability in the brain, focusing on neurodevelopmental stages to understand TH signaling in health and disease.

Keywords:
MCT8brainbrain barriersneurodevelopmentrodentsthyroid hormonestype 2 deiodinase

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for vertebrate development, particularly neurodevelopment.
  • TH availability in the brain is regulated by secretion, transport, metabolism (deiodinases), and maternal transfer.
  • While extensively studied in rats, mouse models are increasingly used to investigate TH signaling proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on TH availability and action in the mouse brain.
  • To focus on the ontogeny of TH action and TH sources during neurodevelopmental stages.
  • To bridge knowledge gaps regarding TH economy in the mouse brain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing findings from rat and mouse studies.
  • Focus on mechanisms regulating TH availability in the brain.
  • Emphasis on neurodevelopmental periods.

Main Results:

  • Mouse models are becoming crucial for studying TH signaling proteins.
  • Specific mechanisms of TH transport, metabolism, and action in the mouse brain are still being elucidated.
  • Understanding TH ontogeny in mice is essential for interpreting neurodevelopmental roles.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into TH economy in the mouse brain is needed.
  • This knowledge can improve understanding of TH signaling in neurological disorders.
  • Insights may aid in addressing neurological alterations linked to thyroid dysfunction and resistance syndromes.