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Temporal relations between maternal rubella and congenital defects.

N D Munro, S Sheppard, R W Smithells

    Lancet (London, England)
    |July 25, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Maternal rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella defects. However, infection after 17 weeks significantly reduces the risk of fetal damage, highlighting the need for prompt serological testing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Pediatrics
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) results from maternal rubella infection during pregnancy.
    • The timing of maternal infection is critical in determining the risk and type of fetal defects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the relationship between the timing of maternal rubella infection and the occurrence of congenital defects in offspring.
    • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management of rubella in pregnant women.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of records from 422 children with confirmed congenital rubella from the National Congenital Rubella Surveillance Programme.
    • Correlation of maternal infection timing (weeks of gestation) with documented fetal defects.

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    Main Results:

    • No defects were observed in children whose mothers were infected after the 17th week of pregnancy (106 children).
    • Defects were noted in children born to mothers infected as late as the 33rd week (316 children).
    • Of 148 children followed to school age, 27% attended normal schools, indicating varying degrees of developmental impact.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternal rubella infection poses a significant risk for congenital defects, particularly when occurring before 17 weeks of gestation.
    • Serological investigation is crucial for pregnant women with rash or rubella exposure history.
    • The risk of fetal damage appears minimal with proven infection after the 16th week of pregnancy.