Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 23, 2026
08:53
Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
Published on: November 14, 2018
10.3K
Do delayed judgements of learning reduce metamemory illusions? A meta-analysis
Karlos Luna1, Beatriz Martín-Luengo2, Pedro B Albuquerque3
11 Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|September 1, 2017
Summary
Delayed judgments of learning (JOLs) reduce, but do not eliminate, font size effects on memory judgments. This suggests metamemory illusions are influenced by item characteristics even after delays.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Metamemory Research
Background:
- Perceptual characteristics, like font size, can create metamemory illusions.
- Delayed judgments of learning (JOLs) are more accurate predictors of memory than immediate JOLs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if delayed JOLs can mitigate the influence of perceptual characteristics on JOLs and restudy decisions.
- To analyze the impact of font size on memory and metamemory accuracy.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analytic approach was used, analyzing 28 experiments.
- Participants studied items in large or small font, providing immediate or delayed JOLs and restudy decisions.
- A final memory test assessed recall performance.
Main Results:
- Font size significantly affected JOLs and restudy decisions.
- Delayed JOL procedures reduced the font size effect, but it remained significant.
- Delayed procedures only numerically reduced the effect on restudy decisions.
- A subtle memory advantage for large font items was observed.
Conclusions:
- Delayed JOLs partially reduce metamemory illusions related to perceptual characteristics.
- The dissociation between memory and metamemory may be an artifact of font size effects.
- Font size influences both memory performance and metamemory judgments.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Metacognition
902
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
902
01:12Hindsight Biases
4.3K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
4.3K
01:16Interference and Decay
509
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
509
01:04Social Facilitation
36.7K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
36.7K
01:18False Memories
535
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
535
01:21Cognitive Learning
1.4K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.4K