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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Aquaporins01:25

Aquaporins

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Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.
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Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
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Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
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Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

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Anion-Responsive Poly(ionic liquid)s Gating Membranes with Tunable Hydrodynamic Permeability.

Xiang Zhang1, Sheng Xu1, Jukai Zhou1

  • 1College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Novel "intelligent" membranes using poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) gels respond to anions. These smart membranes control flow, enabling selective chemical and biomedical separations.

Keywords:
anion-responsehydrodynamic permeability controlpoly(ionic liquid)s“intelligent” membranes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Developing responsive materials for selective separations is crucial.
  • Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) offer tunable properties for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate anion-responsive "intelligent" membranes.
  • To control membrane flux based on anion recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporating poly(ionic liquid) gels into polyethersulfone microporous membranes.
  • Investigating the effect of various counteranions (CAs) on membrane wetting properties and flux.
  • Evaluating the responsiveness, reversibility, and sensitivity of the membranes.

Main Results:

  • Membrane flux was tuned from 0 to 430 mL/m²·mmHg by changing counteranions.
  • Anion-responsive gating behavior was fast, reversible, and reproducible.
  • Membranes showed sensitivity to contact time and ion concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Fabricated membranes exhibit anion-responsive gating behavior.
  • These "intelligent" membranes are promising for ion-recognizable separations and purifications.
  • The tunable nature of PILs enables precise control over membrane performance.