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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Epilepsy and osteoporosis risk.

Philip M Dussault1, Antonio A Lazzari

  • 1aVA Boston Healthcare System bVA Boston Health Care System and Boston University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

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Individuals with epilepsy face higher fracture risks due to bone fragility and falls. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can impact bone metabolism, contributing to osteoporosis in epilepsy patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Epilepsy is linked to increased vertebral and nonvertebral fractures.
  • Osteoporosis, characterized by decreased bone density and strength, is a common bone disease.
  • Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have known side effects on bone metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding AEDs' effects on bone metabolism.
  • To explore the causes of osteoporosis in epilepsy patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent epilepsy and osteoporosis literature.
  • Searched PubMed and Cochrane Reviews from January 2016 to June 2017.

Main Results:

  • Fracture risk in epilepsy is multifactorial: seizures, falls, reduced bone strength, and AEDs.
  • Mechanisms of AEDs' adverse effects on bone metabolism vary by drug.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a concern in the epileptic population.

Conclusions:

  • The review covers causes, pathogenesis, and prevention of osteoporosis in epilepsy.
  • It highlights AED effects on bone metabolism, bone loss, and osteoporosis development.
  • Prevention and treatment strategies for osteoporosis in epilepsy were also reviewed.