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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

Efficient laser-driven proton acceleration from cylindrical and planar cryogenic hydrogen jets.

Lieselotte Obst^1,2, Sebastian Göde^3,4, Martin Rehwald^1,2

¹Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.

Scientific Reports

|September 2, 2017

Summary

Researchers developed a novel cryogenic hydrogen jet laser-driven proton source. This debris-free method achieves proton acceleration comparable to solid targets, offering a renewable alternative for high-energy particle generation.

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Published on: February 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Laser-driven particle acceleration
Plasma physics
Advanced targetry for high-energy lasers

Background:

Traditional laser-driven proton sources often use solid foil targets, which can produce debris and have limitations.
Developing debris-free, renewable sources is crucial for advancing laser-based particle acceleration techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of a continuous cryogenic hydrogen jet as a novel laser-driven proton source.
To compare the proton beam characteristics generated from cylindrical and planar hydrogen jet targets.
To validate experimental findings with particle-in-cell simulations.

Main Methods:

Utilized the 150 TW Draco ultrashort pulse laser system.
Employed a continuous cryogenic hydrogen jet with cylindrical (5 μm) and planar (20 μm × 2 μm) geometries as targets.
Characterized proton beams using established diagnostics for energy spectra and particle numbers.
Performed two-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (2D3V PIC) simulations.

Main Results:

Achieved efficient proton acceleration with cut-off energies up to 20 MeV.
Demonstrated particle numbers exceeding 10^9 particles/MeV/sr, comparable to micro-thick solid foil targets.
Observed Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) emission patterns and exponential proton energy spectra for both geometries.
Recorded significantly higher proton numbers in the laser-forward direction with the planar jet compared to the cylindrical jet.

Conclusions:

A cryogenic hydrogen jet is a viable debris-free, renewable source for laser-driven pure proton beams.
The planar hydrogen jet geometry offers more optimized acceleration conditions and higher proton yields in the forward direction.
Experimental results are consistent with 2D3V PIC simulations, validating the planar jet's superiority.