Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

9.4K
The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
9.4K
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

8.2K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
8.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Power Doppler Ultrasound after Ultrasound-Guided Lavage of Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinopathy: Association with Clinical Outcomes.

Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·2026
Same author

Prediction of Acromial and Scapular Spine Fractures After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty using Machine Learning: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2026
Same author

Digital Health and Smart Technologies in Shoulder Arthroplasty: Emerging Tools and Clinical Implications.

Orthopedic research and reviews·2026
Same author

''The Global Glenoid Component Inclination: why scapulothoracic orientation should be considered when defining glenoid component inclination in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty''.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2026
Same author

Validation of a 3D planning tool for glenoid bone loss evaluation in revision anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders·2026
Same author

Incomplete Restoration of Coracoclavicular Ligament Thickness After Surgical Treatment of Rockwood Type 5 Acromioclavicular Dislocations: A Contralateral-Controlled MRI Study With Functional Outcomes.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

The Modified Single-working Portal Technique Using Lasso-loop Stitch with Needle for Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair
04:01

The Modified Single-working Portal Technique Using Lasso-loop Stitch with Needle for Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair

Published on: August 8, 2025

576

ABC classification of posterior shoulder instability.

Philipp Moroder1, Markus Scheibel1

  • 1Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

Obere Extremitat
|September 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Posterior glenohumeral instability (PGHI) is often misdiagnosed. The new ABC classification system aids in diagnosing PGHI types and guides appropriate treatment selection for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
ABC ClassificationFunctional instabilityLocked posterior dislocationPosterior shoulder instabilityPosterior subluxation

More Related Videos

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.5K
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
10:10

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

44.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 23, 2026

The Modified Single-working Portal Technique Using Lasso-loop Stitch with Needle for Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair
04:01

The Modified Single-working Portal Technique Using Lasso-loop Stitch with Needle for Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair

Published on: August 8, 2025

576
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.5K
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
10:10

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

44.1K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Shoulder Surgery

Background:

  • Posterior glenohumeral instability (PGHI) presents with diverse clinical symptoms, leading to frequent underdiagnosis.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of PGHI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the ABC classification system for posterior glenohumeral instability.
  • To provide a standardized diagnostic and treatment guideline for PGHI.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the ABC classification based on pathomechanics and treatment standards.
  • Categorization of PGHI into three main groups (A, B, C) and two subtypes (1, 2) per group.
  • Correlation of classification types with recommended treatment strategies (conservative vs. surgical).

Main Results:

  • The ABC classification distinguishes three primary PGHI types: A (first-time), B (dynamic), and C (static).
  • Subtypes (1: subluxation/functional/constitutional, 2: dislocation/structural/acquired) further refine diagnosis and treatment.
  • Type 1 PGHI generally responds to conservative treatment, while Type 2 may require surgical consideration.

Conclusions:

  • The ABC classification offers a simple, comprehensive tool for diagnosing PGHI.
  • This classification system provides a valuable guideline for selecting appropriate treatment for posterior glenohumeral instability.
  • Understanding PGHI subtypes is essential for tailoring treatment to individual patient needs and functional demands.