Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 23, 2026
12:59
Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
Published on: July 5, 2017
13.3K
Interval Walking Training and Nutritional Intake to Increase Plasma Volume in Elderly
Koji Uchida1, Yoshi-Ichiro Kamijo, Shigeki Ikegawa
11Department of Sports Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, JAPAN; and 2Saga Nutraceutical Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Higashisefuri, Kanzaki, JAPAN.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|September 2, 2017
Summary
Long-term interval walking training (IWT) showed plasma volume (PV) expansion proportional to training days. Carbohydrate plus whey protein supplementation during IWT prevented PV reduction and improved blood glucose control in older adults.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Nutritional Biochemistry
- Gerontology
Background:
- Aerobic training, specifically interval walking training (IWT), can expand plasma volume (PV) and improve thermoregulation in older adults.
- Previous studies on carbohydrate (CHO) and whey protein supplementation focused on gym-based training, leaving effects of home-based IWT and long-term impacts on PV unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the long-term effects of IWT on plasma volume (PV) and related parameters in older adults.
- To determine if CHO alone or CHO + whey protein supplementation during IWT can prevent PV reduction and influence blood glucose control.
Main Methods:
- Seventeen male and 10 female subjects (~69 yr) with prior IWT experience underwent baseline measurements of PV, plasma albumin content (Albcont), fasting glucose ([Glc]f), and HbA1c.
- Subjects were randomized to consume either CHO alone or CHO + whey protein during an additional 5-month IWT period.
- Post-intervention measurements of PV, Albcont, [Glc]f, and HbA1c were compared to baseline values and between groups.
Main Results:
- Baseline PV and Albcont positively correlated with the number of IWT days in the preceding year.
- In the CHO group, PV and Albcont marginally decreased, and HbA1c increased post-intervention.
- The CHO + whey protein group showed no significant changes in PV or Albcont, with preserved blood glucose control, and demonstrated significant differences compared to the CHO group.
Conclusions:
- Plasma volume expansion is proportional to the volume of long-term interval walking training.
- Supplementation with carbohydrate and whey protein during IWT effectively prevents PV reduction and may aid in blood glucose regulation in older adults.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
438
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
438
01:30Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions
576
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
576
01:00Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution
289
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
289
01:17Exercise and Cardiac Output
2.3K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
2.3K
01:15Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients
309
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
309
01:18Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
274
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
274