Chronic Kidney Disease in Pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Obstetrics
• Reproductive Medicine

Background:

• Increasing global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
• Growing number of pregnant women with renal dysfunction.
• Bidirectional relationship between CKD and pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• Review physiological renal changes during pregnancy.
• Summarize data on CKD and pregnancy outcomes.
• Highlight management strategies for renal conditions in childbearing years.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of physiological renal changes.
• Analysis of data on CKD and pregnancy outcomes.
• Synthesis of management strategies for selected renal conditions.

Main Results:

• Renal dysfunction, even mild, significantly increases risks for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
• History of acute kidney injury recovery is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
• Maternal hypertension and proteinuria are critical factors for negative outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Even mild renal dysfunction impacts pregnancy.
• Preconception counseling and risk stratification are crucial.
• Further research is needed on renal functional reserve for prognostication.